Representativeness in Six Waves of Cross-National Online Survey (CRONOS) Panel

Abstract Driven by innovations in the digital space, surveys have started to move towards online data collection across world. However, evidence is needed demonstrate that strategy will produce reliable which could be confidently used inform policy decisions. This issue even more pertinent cross-national surveys, where comparability of utmost importance. Due differences internet coverage and willingness participate Europe, there a risk any existing introduce differential nonresponse bias. paper explores representativeness waves first probability-based panel (CRONOS) employing R-indicators summarize range variables. The analysis allows comparison results over time three countries (Estonia, Great Britain Slovenia). suggest are each country countries. Those with lower levels education those who oldest age category contribute lack CRONOS does not become worse when compared regular face-to-face interviewing conducted European Social Survey (ESS).